Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories
Svetlana Lazebnik, Cordelia Schmid and Jean Ponce
In: CVPR 2006(2006).

Abstract

This paper presents a method for recognizing scene categories based on approximate global geometric correspondence. This technique works by partitioning the image into increasingly fine sub-regions and computing histograms of local features found inside each sub-region. The resulting ``spatial pyramid'' is a simple and computationally efficient extension of an orderless bag-of-features image representation, and it shows significantly improved performance on challenging scene categorization tasks. Specifically, our proposed method exceeds the state of the art on the Caltech-101 database and achieves high accuracy on a large database of fifteen natural scene categories. The spatial pyramid framework also offers insights into the success of several recently proposed image descriptions, including Torralba's ``gist'' and Lowe's SIFT descriptors.

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